01 - Preheat oven to 425°F. Line a rimmed baking sheet with parchment paper for easy cleanup.
02 - Place trimmed asparagus spears in a single layer on the prepared baking sheet, ensuring they are not overcrowded for even roasting.
03 - Drizzle olive oil evenly over asparagus. Sprinkle with kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper. Toss gently with hands to coat each spear thoroughly.
04 - Roast in preheated oven for 12-15 minutes until asparagus is tender-crisp and tips are lightly caramelized. Cooking time may vary based on spear thickness.
05 - Remove from oven. Immediately sprinkle with freshly grated Parmesan cheese and lemon zest while still hot to allow cheese to soften slightly.
06 - Drizzle with fresh lemon juice just before serving. Serve immediately while hot for optimal texture and flavor.